The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.