Burrell: 'I wanted to carry on playing'
Important note: This article contains descriptions of discriminatory comments and behaviour
FormerEngland player Luther Burrell claims that going public to reveal racial discrimination in professional rugby led his career to an premature end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the game, showing Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to retire because of what went on," he explained to reporters.
"I hoped to carry on playing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when news came out that there were inquiries going on.
"This situation was difficult - I had to just accept the outcome and accept that this entire process is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not gather enough proof to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was controversially excluded for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told journalists he also encountered prejudice within the England team environment, during a Test career that saw him win 15 appearances after his first game in February 2014.
"I've had several traumatic experiences within the national team," he said.
"Some discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the issue that I've personally suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a extended period you just begin to believe that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell says he was finally spurred to speak out after a fellow player at Newcastle called him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the elite game and to the implementation of an action plan for the professional game."
"We has given considerable attention on diversity and diversity in the sport and a substantial amount of work undertaken both before and since Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"The organization are ongoing work with teams and stakeholders in the elite level to strive for a environment of acceptance but acknowledge this takes time and is an ongoing process."
Every Prem and PWR club now has in-person training on creating inclusive environments, with its success monitored via specific documentation and feedback.
All England players, including youth squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to step in and protect others from damaging behaviour.
"You should be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our view, you have done so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away soon after the filming of the documentary, and his sister passed away earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in his hometown, continues his work to make the sport more open.
His charitable organization aims to reach children in under-served communities and support them succeed on and off the field with complimentary sports coaching, guidance and dietary education.
"My personal intentions are genuine, I want to see the progress of the game and if others is willing to share their story then I'll continue to fight that cause because I'm not just doing this for myself," he explained.
"Everyone involved have an responsibility to make the game as excellent as it can be and the more I talk about it perhaps the more confident fellow players will feel about sharing their own stories as well.
"I take the bull by the horns and continue bearing this banner and keep carrying this weight and accomplish what I can to create opportunities and make the game more attractive and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of poverty and I honestly believe that rugby has the potential to change their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in late 2022